So, what is exactly does "Turkic" mean?

 
                            Turkic encompasses a wide variety of people, languages, and countries.

Azerbaijan, Republic of                          Kazakhstan 
Capital City = Baku                                  Capital City = Astana
Official Language = Azerbaijani                   Official Languages = Kazakh and Russian

Kyrgyzstan                                           Turkmenistan 
Capital City = Bishkek                               Capital City = Ashgabat
Official Languages = Kyrgyz and Russian      Official Language = Turkmen

Turkey                                                              Uzbekistan 
Capital City = Ankara                               Capital City = Tashkent
Official Language = Turkish                       Official Language = Uzbek

Iran’s Azerbaijan 
Consists of many states, such as East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan, etc.
Spoken Languages = Azeri or Azerbaijani and Farsi

Other Turkic states: 

De facto states
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Autonomous Turkic republics in Russia
Bashkortostan
Chuvashia
Sakha (Yakutia) Republic
Tatarstan
Tuva

Other autonomous republics in the Russian Federation
These republics have a small Turkic minority and official language is a Turkic language.
Altai Republic
Khakassia
Kabardino-Balkaria
Karachay-Cherkessia
Taymyria

Other autonomous Turkic regions
Crimea in Ukraine
Gagauzia in Moldova
Xinjiang (also known as East Turkestan) in the People's Republic of China
Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan
Nakhichevan in Azerbaijan